Repetitive satellite-like sequences are present within or upstream from 3 avian protein-coding genes

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Abstract
Peculiar DNA sequences made up by the tandem repetition of a 5 bp unit have been identified within or upstream from three avian protein-coding genes. One sequence is located within an intron of the chicken “ovalbumin-X” gene with 5′-TCTCC-3′ as basic repeat unit (36 repeats). Another sequence made of 27 repeats of a 5′-GGAAG-3′ basic unit is found 2500 base pairs upstream from the promoter of the chicken ovotransferrin (conalbumin) gene. A related but different sequence is present in the corresponding region of the ovotransferrin gene in the pheasant, with 5′-GGAAA-3′ as the basic unit (55 repeats). These three satellite-like elements are thus characterized by a total assymetry in base distribution, with purines restricted to one strand, and pyrimidines to the other. Two of the basic repeat units can be derived from the third one (GGAAA) by a single base pair change. These related sequences are found repeated in three avian genomes, at degrees which vary both with the sequence type and the genome type. Evolution of tandemly repeated sequences (including satellites) is in general studied by analysing randomly picked elements. The presence of conserved protein-coding regions neighbouring satellite-like sequences allow to follow their evolution at a single locus, as examplified by the striking comparison of the pheasant and chicken sequences upstream from the ovotransferrin gene.