Abstract
Diel food selection by 33 adult and immature surface-feeding ducks (Anatinae), collected on a North Dakota [USA] waste-stabilization system during the spring and summer of 1967-75, demonstrated high invertebrate consumption (98% by volume). Midges (Chironomidae: Diptera) and Cladocera (primarily Daphnia magna) each accounted for 44% of the diet. Adult insects accounted for 89% of the diet of birds collected between sunset and midnight, Cladovera represented 76% of the diet between midnight and sunrise, and immature midges and cladocera made up 93% of the diet between sunrise and sunset. Pairs and broods of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and gadwalls (A. strepera) contributed most of the use on the impoundments.

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