Surface mapping of peripheral nerves in children with a nerve stimulator

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Abstract
Defining anatomical landmarks may be difficult in the growing child. With the aid of a peripheral nerve stimulator, the path of many superficial peripheral nerves can be `mapped' prior to skin penetration by stimulating the motor component of the peripheral nerve percutaneously with a 2–3.5 mA output. The required current will vary and is dependent upon the depth of the nerve and the moistness of the overlying skin. This `nerve mapping technique' has proved particularly useful for brachial plexus, axillary, ulna and median nerve blocks in the upper limb and femoral and popliteal nerve blocks in the lower limb. It is a useful teaching tool and improves the success rate of peripheral nerve blocks in children of all ages.