The Magnetic Anisotropy of Crystals of Sn, and of Sn with Added Sb, Cd, or Ga

The principal magnetic susceptibilities of single crystals of white (tetragonal) tin have been determined. Crystals were grown by the traveling furnace method. Perpendicular to the tetragonal axis the susceptibility (per unit volume) is ${\kappa }_{\perp }=0.197\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-6\mathrm{}}$; parallel to the axis it is ${\kappa }_{\parallel }=0.176\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-6\mathrm{}}$. The ratio $\frac{{\kappa }_{\perp }}{{\kappa }_{\parallel }}$ is strongly influenced by the addition of small amounts of certain elements. For tin containing no added element this ratio is 1.120. Adding 0.60 percent Sb the ratio is 1.200; 0.76 percent Cd, 0.923; 0.89 percent Ga, 0.897. The relation between the change in this ratio and the number of valence electrons of the added element is compared with available data for bismuth.