Arithmetic correctness as the discriminandum in classical and differential eyelid conditioning.

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Abstract
EYELID RESPONSES OF 160 SS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY CONDITIONED TO SIMPLE ARITHMETIC PROBLEMS PRESENTED VISUALLY. EACH PROBLEM CS WAS DIFFERENT, AND THE DIFFERENTIAL CUE WAS WHETHER THE PROBLEM WAS CORRECTLY OR INCORRECTLY SOLVED. IN ADDITION 20 SS WERE REINFORCED WITH THE AIR PUFF UCS FOR BOTH RIGHT AND WRONG PROBLEMS. THE "TRUTH VALUE" OF THE PROBLEMS SERVED AS A GOOD DIFFERENTIAL STIMULUS, AND THE CONDITIONED DISCRIMINATION TRANSFERRED DIFFERENTIALLY TO THE WORDS "RIGHT" OR "WRONG" WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE REINFORCED CLASS OF PROBLEMS. EXPLICIT VERBALIZATION OF THE APPROPRIATE WORD, "RIGHT" OR "WRONG," DURING TRAINING HAD NO EFFECT ON THE TRANSFER TO THE WORD AS A CS. VERBALIZATION REDUCED THE NUMBER OF SS SHOWING THE VOLUNTARY FORM OF THE EYELID CR, AND FOR THOSE SHOWING THE CONDITIONED FORM, DISCRIMINATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER WHEN THE WRONG PROBLEMS WERE REINFORCED. THIS FINDING WAS RELATED TO THE CONGRUENCY OF THE SLIGHTLY AVERSIVE UCS FOLLOWING WRONG PROBLEMS RATHER THAN RIGHT PROBLEMS. WHEN BOTH RIGHT AND WRONG PROBLEMS WERE REINFORCED, MORE CRS WERE EVOKED BY THE RIGHT PROBLEMS, CONFIRMING SOVIET RESULTS WITH TRUE AND FALSE SENTENCES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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