Optical system for a low-energy focused ion beam

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Abstract
A low-energy focused ion beam (FIB) would be a very useful tool for shallow doping with low damage density to the substrate. For a low-energy FIB, an optical system using a retarding field is advantageous because of a low chromatic aberration coefficient which could not be reduced with a conventional column. Some evaluations were made for an optical column with a retarding electrode for practical use. The secondary electron trajectories within the equipotential space were calculated by the surface-charge method, and some secondary-electron images were observed with an experimental column having a retarding electrode.

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