Experiments on carrot seed growing. (II)

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Abstract
1. The studies were undertaken in 1955 at Kurume to make a survey of the bolting period, the flowering period, the form of ramification, the yield and germination percentage of the carrot seed using twelve leading varieties which are cultivated commonly in Japan. 2. The varieties cultivated in the southern part of Japan (Yokono-sanzun, Nagasaki-gosun, Kuroda-gosun and Tohsoh) showed the earlier habit in bolting and flowering period, the larger yield and better germination of seeds than the northern varieties(Early Scarlet Horn, Senko-sanzun, Chanteney, Ogatagosun, Nakamura-senko-futo, Kokubu and Sone). In general, the seeds from the primary umbels showed the highest percentage in germination, the secondary umbels the second, and the tertiary umbels the lowest, respectively. A consideration may be taken into account from the facts mentioned above that, at Kurume, the later the flowering time the more incident to summer rainy season the fruiting time is and the severer fungus diseases and physiological domages are. 3. In Kintoki variety native at Kurume, the yield of seed is smaller and the percentage of germination is lower than in the other native varieties in southern Japan. It is considered that one reason for these results depends on the time for flowering and fruiting later than that in the others. 4. The form of ramification of carrot is differents in each group of varieties. The oriental varieties show a standing habit of ramification with strong main shoot, large diameter of the primary umbel, and poor lateral shoots. On the contrary, the occidental varieties have a spreading habit with well developed lateral shoots and the secondary umbels large in diameter. 5. In the oriental varieties, the amount of seeds collected from the primary umbels showed a high proportion to the total yield. While, it was low in the occidental varieties. 6. In order to facilitate the selection and make good quality of seeds, it is desirable to collect the seeds from the primary and the secondary umbels, which are earlier in flowering and large in diameter, and to cut off the tertiary umbels. 7. The bolting percentage was investigated in some strains of Sanzun and Gosun varieties sown at different times (Aug. and Nov., 1954, Mar. 1955). There was a trend that the early bolting strains have a higher bolting rate. 8. For the purpose of surveying the difference of bolting among the individual plants within one variety, the seeds collected from different plants bolted at different periods were sown in Aug. and Nov., 1954. Then, the bolting time and bolting percentage were observed next spring. From these experiments it was recognized that the progenies from early bolted plants showed an earlier bolting and a higher percentage of bolting.

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