Patterns of disjunction frequencies in heterozygous reciprocal translocations from the German cockroach

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Abstract
Metaphase I cells from heterozygotes in eight reciprocal chromosome translocation stocks of Blattella germanica (L.) have been examined and counted. The data show that three stocks have random disjunction (adjacent and alternate orientations are equally frequent), but the cell types adjacent-1, alternate-1, adjacent-2, and alternate-2 are present in a ratio of 2∶1∶1∶2. Four stocks with directed disjunction have similar patterns, except for a heavy preponderance of alternate-2 cells. This difference is reflected in the finding that 60–65% of all cells in these interchanges are type II cells (alternate-2 plus adjacent-2), and the individual percentages agree closely with the percent directed disjunction in each case. One inter-change with directed disjunction is distinctly different in that the frequencies of both alternate-1 and alternate-2 cells are elevated and contribute to directed disjunction. It has also been demonstrated with two stocks that changes in disjunction frequencies can be brought about by genetic manipulation. These observations provide a better understanding of the differences between random and directed disjunction.