The polar ionosphere as a source of the storm time ring current

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Abstract
The transport of ions from the polar ionosphere to the inner magnetosphere during storm time conditions has been computed using a Monte Carlo diffusion code. The effect of the electrostatic turbulence assumed to be present during the substorm expansion phase was simulated by a process that accelerated the ions stochastically perpendicular to the magnetic field with a diffusion coefficient proportional to the rate of energization of the ions by the induced electric field. This diffusion process was continued as the ions were convected from the plasma sheet boundary layer to the double‐spiral injection boundary. Inward of the injection boundary the ions were convected adiabatically. By using as input an O+ flux of 2.8×108 cm−2 s−1 (w>10 eV) and an H+ flux of 5.5×108 cm−2 s−1 (w>.63 eV) the computed distribution functions of the ions in the ring current were found to be in good agreement, over a wide range in L (4–8), with measurements made with the ISEE 1 satellite during a storm. This O+ flux and a large part of the H+ flux appear to be consistent with the DE‐1 and DE‐2 satellite measurements of the polar ionospheric outflow during disturbed times.

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