A series of 1,302 consecutively admitted Zulu patients with neurological disease were analyzed with a view to establishing the incidence of various disorders of the nervous system in this race. The most common conditions were found to be cerebral vascular disease, epilepsy, meningitis, and neurosyphilis. Diseases which appeared to be unduly rare were multiple sclerosis, cervical spondylo-sis, lumbar disk syndromes, primary cerebral tumors, paralysis agitans, petit mal, and migraine. Neurosyphilis was often manifested as acute meningoencephalitis. Tabes dorsalis was rare. Cerebral hemorrhage predominated over occlusive cerebral vascular disease, and hypertension appeared to be more important in its pathogenesis than atherosclerosis. Two unusual syndromes, an encephalopathy and a neuropathy associated with malnutrition, were observed. Of the un-diagnosed neurological disorders, the most common varieties were unexplained hemiplegia and paraplegia. Some of the latter cases may be attributable to schistosomiasis of the spinal cord. Previous contributions to knowledge of African neurology were reviewed and compared with the results of studies in other parts of Africa.