A correction to the Poole and Atkins Secchi disc/light-attenuation formula

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Abstract
Re-examination of the original and subsequent data from Secchi disc studies leads to a revised constant in the light attenuation formula applicable to general field-work.In theory, the depth at which a Secchi disc disappears from an observer's sight, Ds, is inversely proportional to the sum of attenuation coefficients for diffuse and collimated photopic light (Tyler, 1968). By definition, photopic light is measured by a sensor with the same spectral response curve as the normal human eye. In practice, the usefulness of the theoretical equation is restricted. More commonly, a simple empirically derived formula is used to estimate the attenuation coefficient for diffuse downwelling light, k, directly from Ds. Poole & Atkins (1929), in their pioneering work on light penetration in the sea, derived the relationship k × Ds – 17 for water in the English Channel. This formula is used extensively by workers who are unable to measure k directly and it is given regularly in oceanography and marine biology texts. More recently, a number of investigators have proposed alternative equations relating k to Ds in different regional seas (Table 1). However, Idso & Gilbert (1974) have fitted data of some of these authors, together with measurements of their own, to the original Poole and Atkins formula with good correlation. They suggest that k × Ds = 1.7 is a universal approximation for all natural waters. In view of the continuing importance of the Secchi disc as a measure of underwater light for primary production calculations and other studies, a universal formula is certainly desirable. However, re-examination of the Poole & Atkins measurements has revealed an error in the method of calculation of k.

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