Fabrication of sub-50-nm gate length n-metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors and their electrical characteristics

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Abstract
A method of fabricating 40-nm gate-length n-metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is described in detail. The fabrication of MOSFETs with gate lengths of this order poses two major problems: how to fabricate such small-geometry gate electrodes, and how to fabricate the ultrashallow source and drain junctions required. Two special techniques are used to overcome these problems: a resist-thinning process using isotropic oxygen plasma ashing for the fabrication of the gate electrodes, and a process of solid-phase diffusion from phosphorus-doped silicated-glass gate sidewalls for fabrication of the source and drain junctions. The resulting 40-nm gate electrodes and ultrashallow 10-nm junctions have an adequate impurity concentration and have been shown to function successfully. It has been confirmed that these 40-nm gate-length n-MOSFETs have good electrical characteristics at room temperature. Certain details of small-geometry MOSFET electrical characteristics are studied using these devices.

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