Competition in the United States' long-distance telecommunications industry

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Abstract
Langdale J. (1983) Competition in the United States' long-distance telecommunications industry, Reg. Studies 17, 393–409. Entry of competition in the United States' long-distance telecommunications industry is examined in the context of changes in the economic, technological and regulatory environment. Growth of large multi-plant firms has led to a rapid growth of demand on intermetropolitan routes. Technological change and deregulation of the industry have lowered the barriers to entry in the long-distance field. Geographical expansion of competitive services is discussed in relation to the structure of the urban hierarchy: services are initially introduced in major metropolitan areas and then spread down the hierarchy. In addition, the spread of American Telephone and Telegraph's specialized business communications service, Dataphone Digital Service, is examined.

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