Abstract
The competitive advantage in manufacturing has shifted from the mass production paradigm to the one that is based on fast-responsiveness and flexibility. A worldwide wave of industrial restructuring and the re-emergence of “small firms” have paved ways for the evolution of dispersed manufacturing networks in various degrees of complexity. With the rapid advances in internet technology, the emerging Factory-on-Demand mode of electronic production will create a greater opportunity for both producers and customers in the co-creation of products and markets. Such a change will have far-reaching implications in production practice beyond that of mass customization.

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