Intraspecific competitive effects on water relations, growth and reproduction in Encelia farinosa

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Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess the importance of intraspecific competition on water relations, growth and reproductive output in Encelia farinosa, a common deciduous-leaved shrub of the Sonoran Desert. Nearest neighbor analyses in monospecific stands indicated that plants exhibited a clumped distribution. Plant size and nearest neighbor distance were positively correlated, inferring intraspecific competition. Removal experiments monitored for two years indicated that plants now without neighbors had higher leaf water potentials, higher leaf conductances, and a greater leaf area than control plants. As a consequence, growth rates and reproductive output were significantly higher in plants without neighbors. These data strongly support the notion that warm desert plants with a contagious spatial distribution compete for water.