Current Efficiency Studies of the Hooker Type S Chlorine Cell

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Abstract
A study was made to determine the relative magnitude of the various processes causing loss of current efficiency in Hooker Type S chlorine cells. Loss of production from theoretical is due almost entirely to migration of ions through the diaphragm from the catholyte to the anolyte. The alkali, NaOH, from the catholyte tends to decrease the hydrogen ion concentration of the anolyte, whereas several processes at the anode and in the anolyte tend to increase it. Consequently, a certain pH is established which, it is shown, depends principally upon the current efficiency, the concentration and the type and condition of the anode. The determination of anolyte pH is shown to be a convenient approximate test for the determination of current efficiency for control purposes. Calculation of current efficiency from the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the cell gas, as determined by an accurate and relatively quick analytical method, is a convenient means of determining current efficiency which compares favorably in accuracy with usual methods employing caustic liquor and current measurements. In connection with studies to determine the effect of operating the Hooker Type S chlorine cell under various conditions, the relationships between current efficiency loss and various reactions occurring in the cell were investigated and quantitative relationships between ion concentrations and current efficiency loss were developed. Methods of testing for experimental work and for control were worked out. All work was done with standard Type S cells in regular operation, and varying conditions from normal by means of a separate brine supply for the cell being tested. However, methods and fundamental principles would be applicable, with some modification, to any type diaphragm cell.

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