On a Recently Discovered Breccia-Bed underlying Nechells (Birmingham), and its Relations to the Red Rocks of the District

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Abstract
For many years it has been known that certain breccias occur immediately below the Bunter in the Birmingham district, irrespective of the well-known development in the Clent Hills and near Northfield, about 7 miles south-west of Birmingham. In 1890 C. J. Gilbert described such breccias at the base of the Bunter Pebble-Beds in Sutton Park, 7 miles north of the city, and showed that they lie with pronounced unconformity upon red clays and sandstones, and are covered unconformably by the Bunter Pebble-Beds. During the last ten years, my attention has been directed from time to time to similar occurrences at the base of the Bunter met with in borings for water in and around Birmingham. In the recent re-mapping of the district by the Officers of the Geological Survey, a considerable development of these breccias has been noted, more especially at Hopwas, 2 miles west of Tamworth, and in the district round Little Aston and Streetly, a little to the north of Sutton Coldfield. Mr. G. Barrow has proposed the name Hopwas Breccia for these beds, and a description of them and their relationship to the Trias above and the Carboniferous below will be found in the recently published Lichfield Memoir. It is evident, however, that the Geological Survey is still in doubt as to the geological age of these rocks. In the Lichfield Memoir they are classed as Permian (?), and in the accompanying 1-inch map they are bracketed with the Trias; while the relation of the Hopwas to

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