Tracheomalacia

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Abstract
Tracheomalacia (TM) is flaccidity of the tracheal wall caused by defective cartilaginous rings, resulting in reduced anterior posterior airway caliber. A relatively uncommon and usually benign lesion, TM manifests as a wheeze, stridor, and occasionally respiratory difficulty. TM can result from either primary or secondary defects. Primary defects are intrinsic to the tracheal wall and most often are idiopathic, although some may result from endotracheal intubation. In preterm infants, primary TM may occur from positive pressure ventilation, and pathology distal to the endotracheal tube may be observed while the infant still is intubated. Secondary TM results from external compression of the airway by a mass, such as a mediastinal tumor or a vascular ring.

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