Pharmacological analysis of the acute inflammatory process induced in the rat's paw by local injection of carrageenin and by heating

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Abstract
Summary: Local injection of carrageenin in the rat's paw produced oedema and leakage of dye which had been administered previously by the intravenous route. A net dissociation between both parameters was observed: while oedema developed slowly, maximal intensity being attained after 4–5 h, dye‐leakage was maximum after 1 hour. Anti‐inflammatory drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin were effective in reducing oedema and dye‐leakage when given before the injection of carrageenin, but much less effective when given 30 or 60 min after carrageenin. Hexadimethrine bromide was effective in reducing dye‐leakage also when given 1 h after the injection of carrageenin. Combined administration of benadryl and methysergide, before the injection of carrageenin caused only a slight reduction in oedema and dye‐leakage. When the paws were heated (55° C for 30 s) as a noxious stimulus the dissociation between maximal oedema and maximal dye‐leakage was not observed, both phenomena running parallel. Pre‐treatment of the animals with indomethacin did not afford any protection. These results suggest that the inflammatory reaction to mild stimuli (carrageenin in our experiments) develops through different phases: initially the increased vascular permeability involves extravasation of plasma proteins and that phase is followed by an increased permeability mainly to water. Stronger stimuli (heating in our experiments) produce an overlapping of both phases, probably by inflicting severe damage to the vascular bed of the affected area. The anti‐inflammatory drugs employed affected chiefly the initial phase of the response.