Responses in muscle sympathetic nerve activity to sustained hand-grips of different tensions in humans

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Abstract
To clarify whether sympathetic nerve activity increases in relation to the tension of a sustained muscle contraction, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) was recorded directly from the peroneal nerve fascicle at the popliteal fossa by means of tungsten microelectrodes in five healthy male subjects. A sustained muscle contraction was performed by handgrip for two minutes in a supine position at tensions of 10, 30 and 45% of maximal grip strength (MGS). MSA, electrocardiogram (ECG) using bipolar electrodes from the chest and surface electromyogram (EMG) from the extensor pollicis longus were recorded simultaneously before and during the sustained handgrip. Arterial blood pressure was measured at the resting upper arm by auscultation. During handgrip with tensions of 10, 30 and 45% MGS, average MSA burst rate (bursts · min−1) increased to 122, 152 and 230% of the resting value, respectively. During the same experimental procedures with tensions of 10, 30 and 45% MGS, average heart rate increased to 105, 110 and 111% of the resting value. These results confirm that sympathetic outflow to a resting muscle is increased with elevation of tension in an active muscle. This process would promote perfusion pressure in the active muscle.