Measurements of the proton elastic form factors for $1\le Q^2\le 3$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$ at SLAC

We report measurements of the proton form factors $G_E^p$ and $G_M^p$ extracted from elastic scattering in the range $1\le Q^2\le 3$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$ with total uncertainties < 15% in $G_E^p$ and < 3% in $G_M^p$. Comparisons are made to theoretical models, including those based on perturbative QCD, vector-meson dominance, QCD sum rules, and diquark constituents in the proton. The results for $G_E^p$ are somewhat larger than indicated by most theoretical parametrizations, and the ratios of the Pauli and Dirac form factors $Q^2\left(\frac{F_2^p}{F_1^p}\right)$ are lower in value and demonstrate a weaker $Q^2$ dependence than those predictions. A global extraction of the elastic form factors from several experiments in the range 0.1 $0.1<\mathrm{}{Q}^2<10\mathrm{}$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$ is also presented.