Complex solutions for the scalar field model of the Universe

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Abstract
The Hartle-Hawking proposal is implemented for Hawking's scalar field model of the Universe. For this model the complex saddle-point geometries required by the semiclassical approximation to the path integral cannot simply be deformed into real Euclidean and real Lorentzian sections. Approximate saddle points are constructed which are fully complex and have contours of real Lorentzian evolution. The semiclassical wave function is found to give rise to classical spacetimes at late times and extra terms in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation do not contribute significantly to the potential. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.46.1546 © 1992 The American Physical Society