Risk Associated with Research of an Innovative Process for Thermal Destruction of Hazardous Substances: A Case Study

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Abstract
An innovative thermal process that offers considerable potential for highly efficient destruction of hazardous waste is high-temperature gasification. Destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) of at least 99.999999%, and possibly 99.9999999%, should be achieved in the gasification of hazardous substances. These extremely high DREs should translate into a more cost-effective process technology, while at the same time offering greater protection to human health and the environment. Recognizing the commercial potential of such an innovative process, Union Carbide Corp. contracted with the University of North Dakota Energy Research Center at Grand Forks, N.D., to demonstrate this technology by destroying polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Center's existing pilot-plant lignite gasifier. After Union Carbide and the Energy Research Center agreed on the scope of the experimental program, the Center applied for and received the necessary state and federal environmental permits. Shortly after these permits were granted in July 1986, a group of local citizens came out against the PCB program. From that point on, the project came under intense public scrutiny. Despite the project's potential benefits and regardless of the built-in safe-guards, the state operating permit was revoked in early 1987, and the project was terminated.

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