Soleus Neurotomy for Treatment of the Spastic Equinus Foot

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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This prospective, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study was performed to evaluate the results of a new type of neurotomy, namely the soleus neurotomy, for treatment of the spastic equinus foot. METHODS: Between May 1996 and March 1998, 46 patients were treated for a spastic equinus foot. Clinical status, spasticity (Ashworth Scale score), and kinematic parameters of the gait were determined before and after surgery. The neurotomy was performed on the upper nerve of the soleus in all cases and was associated with other neurotomies (lower nerve of the soleus, 21 patients; gastrocnemius, 9 patients, tibialis posterior, 18 patients; flexor hallucis longus, 16 patients; and flexor digitorum longus, 17 patients). RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 15 months (range, 8–28 mo). The equinus deformity disappeared clinically in all patients. Before the operation, all patients had an Ashworth Scale score of 2, with an inexhaustible clonus present on knee extension and persisting with knee flexion (Tardieu Scale score, 4), which was abolished in 95% of the patients after surgery. Two patients still had some clonus on knee extension; this did not interfere with their clinical improvement. Knee recurvatum disappeared in eight patients. Analysis of kinematic parameters demonstrated a statistically significant increase in joint motion of the second rocker (P = 0.0026) of the ankle during stance. The duration of the stance or swing phase, length of the walking cycle, and velocity or rate of spontaneous walking were not significantly modified. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that soleus neurotomy is effective for the treatment of spastic equinus foot, leading to abolition of spasticity and improvement in the range of ankle motion during the stance phase of gait.