Studies on Drug Resistance in Coccidia

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Abstract
Studies were made on resistance to the anticoccidial drugs, sulfaquinoxaline, nitrophenide, nitrofurazone and nicar-bazin, found in field strains of coccidia from chickens and on induced resistance in laboratory strains of Eimeria acervulina and E. tenella. Seventeen of 40 allegedly resistant field strains were sensitive to one or more of the first 3 drugs; 57% of the strains were resistant to nitrofurazone, 45% to sulfaquinoxaline, and 43% to nitrophenide. Some strains were resistant to all of the drugs, others to 2 of them. Although in some strains specific resistance was observed, cross-resistance was the more frequent occurrence. Experimentally induced resistance to sulfaquinoxaline was demonstrated for 1 strain of Eimeria acervulina and 2 strains of Eimeria tenella after exposure to sub-optimal dosage of the drug for 15 serial passages. Similar treatment of 1 strain of cecal coccidia with nitrophenide, nitrofurazone or nicarbazin failed to produce resistance to the drugs. Nicarbazin effectively inhibited all strains of coccidia whether sensitive or resistant to the other agents.
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