Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole (oral solution) in two groups of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with oral candidiasis

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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of itraconazole formulated in a hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin oral solution was determined for two groups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with oral candidiasis (group A, 12 patients with CD4+ T-cell count of >200/mm3 and no AIDS, and group B, 11 patients with CD4+ T-cell count of 250 ng/ml) was reached at day 4. At day 14, Cmin values of itraconazole were 643 +/- 304 and 592 +/- 401 ng/ml for groups A and B, respectively, and Cmin values of hydroxyitraconazole were 1,411 +/- 594 and 1,389 +/- 804 ng/ml for groups A and B, respectively. In saliva, only unchanged itraconazole was detected, and mean concentrations were still high (>250 ng/ml) 4 h after the intake, which may contribute to the fast clinical response. In conclusion, the oral solution of itraconazole generates effective levels in plasma and saliva in HIV-infected patients; its relative bioavailability is not modified by the stage of HIV infection.