Freeze-Thaw Cycling and Hydraulic Conductivity of Bentonitic Barriers

Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted in the laboratory and field on geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and a sand-bentonite mixture to determine if their hydraulic conductivity is affected by freezing and thawing. In the laboratory, specimens of three GCLs were frozen and thawed 20 times, and no increase in hydraulic conductivity was measured. The hydraulic conductivity of the compacted sand-bentonite also did not increase after freezing and thawing. In the field, two types of GCLs and a sand-bentonite test pad (constructed with the same mixture used in the laboratory) were exposed to one or two winters of freeze-thaw cycling. No large increase in hydraulic conductivity was measured for the field test conducted with the sand-bentonite mixture. An increase in hydraulic conductivity was observed in only one of the field tests with GCLs. Examination of thawed GCLs and specimens of the sand-bentonite mixture showed no evidence of cracking that is commonly found in thawed compacted clays.