Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in Men and Women Admitted to a Therapeutic Community

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Abstract
This study compared factors that predict treatment outcomes in men and women randomly assigned to two therapeutic communities differing primarily in length of inpatient and outpatient treatment. Based on the prior research literature comparing treatment outcomes of men and women, we formulated the following research question: Do factors that predict drug use at follow-up, postdischarge arrest, and employment at follow-up differ for men and women? Self-reports and objective measures of criminal activity and substance abuse were collected at pre- and posttreatment interviews. Separate regression analyses were conducted for men and women for each of the three outcome variables. The results showed that the predictors of outcome for men and women were similar. Clients who completed the 12-month treatment programs had better outcomes regardless of gender. Men and women who completed treatment were characterized at follow-up by substantial reductions in drug use and arrests and by increased employment. Results further suggested that the longer residential treatment program had a particularly beneficial impact on women. Number of prior arrests was also associated with postdischarge outcomes for women. Women with more arrests at admission were more likely to have a postdischarge arrest and less likely to be employed at follow-up. This finding provides invaluable information about which women may be at greater risk for relapse and in need of additional services. We conclude that completion of treatment is the key predictor of treatment outcomes for both men and women.