Direct Gravitational Driving and Tidal Energy Balance in Elongated Gulfs

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Abstract
Separation of oceanic and gravitational tidal driving in a linear one-dimensional model of an elongated gulf yields explicit expressions for the time-averaged energy equation. Tidal behavior is shown to depend on the interplay of four parameters: geometry, friction, and relative strength and phase of gravitational versus oceanic driving. In spite of its simplicity, the model accounts well for the various energy features of tides in the Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of California.