Gaskinetics and gasdynamics of orifice flow

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Abstract
The paper gives the result of a study on the efflux of gases through circular apertures. The problem is considered as an example of a transition from the gasdynamic to the gaskinetic régime.The mass flow of helium, argon and nitrogen was measured for a range of upstream pressures corresponding to (mean free path)/(aperture diameter) from about 50 to 5 × 10−3; within this range the transition from molecular effusion to inviscid, transonic flow takes place. The theory for the two asymptotic limits is discussed and first-order corrections to the free molecular and inviscid limit formulae are given.