Activation of plasma membrane voltage‐dependent calcium‐permeable channels by disruption of microtubules in carrot cells

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Abstract
Plasma membrane‐bound voltage‐dependent calcium channels may couple the perception of an initial stimulus to a regulated pathway for calcium influx. The activities of these channels have been shown to be very low and highly unstable but may be recruited by large‐predepolarizing pulses, according to a process referred to as recruitment. By combining pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches, we demonstrate in the present paper that the cytoskeleton plays an important role in the regulation of the activity and stability of voltage‐dependent calcium channels during whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments on carrot protoplasts. Whereas drugs affecting the organization of the microfilament network have no measurable effect, the manipulation of the microtubule network elicits important changes. Thus, the addition of colchicine or oryzalin, which are known to disrupt microtubule organization, leads to a 6–10‐fold increase in calcium channel activities and half‐life. In contrast, stabilization of the microtubules by taxol has no effect on any of these parameters. The data obtained suggest that interactions of microtubules and voltage‐dependent calcium channels by either direct or indirect mechanisms inhibit channel activities and decrease their half‐life. In contrast, the disruption of the network overcomes such an inhibitory effect and allows the activation of calcium channels. It is speculated that under normal physiological conditions these protein‐protein interactions may work in a reversible manner and contribute to signal transduction in higher plants.