Transmission of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Strains from Northwestern China by Four Aphid Species

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Abstract
During a 3 yr period, 66 barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-infected wheat plants were collected from 17 localities in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan provinces of China. Four strains of BYDV (GPV, DAV, RPV and GPDAV) were identified on the basis of differential aphid transmissions. The predominant strain was GPV, which was found in 77.3% of the 66 samples tested. GPV was transmitted nonspecifically by Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi, but transmission by S. gramininum was 36.8% more efficient than by R. padi. Macrosiphum avenae rarely transmitted GPV. This strain was not transmitted by Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. DAV was found in 15.2% of the total 66 samples. DAV was transmitted nonspecifically by S. graminum, M. avenae and A. dirhodum but was not transmitted by R. padi. RPV was found in 4.5% of the samples, RPV was found of the samples. This strain was transmitted nonspecifically by all 4 aphid spp. The vector specificity of GPV and DAV remained constant regardless of the number of aphids used in the tests. S. graminum and M. avenae apparently acquired and inoculated GPV and DAV strains, respectively, in as short a time as 1 min. Increase in duration of acquisition and inoculation feeding time did not appreciably increase the rate of transmission. Both nymphs and adults of S. graminum and M. avenae were efficient transmitters of BYDV. The median latent period (LP50) values in both vector species were about the same. The mean retention period of BYDV was 20.1 days in S. graminum and 13.9 days in M. avenae. There were significant differences in varietal reaction to GPV and DAV among the 24 wheat cultivars tested, ranging from 0.0-85.7% infection.