Flow-Law Parameters of the Dye 3, Greenland, Deep Ice Core
Open Access
- 1 January 1988
- journal article
- research article
- Published by International Glaciological Society in Annals of Glaciology
- Vol. 10, 146-150
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s026030550000433x
Abstract
Uniaxial compression tests under constant crosshead speed were carried out on 22 new specimens from the 268, 1890, 1944 and 2006 m depths of the Dye 3, Greenland, ice core. The measurements were made in a laboratory cold-room, using an Instron model 1131 apparatus. Test temperatures were held constant between −17° and −13° C, the approximate sample in-situ temperature. Specimens were prepared with various test orientations in relation to the long vertical core axis. The specimens were analyzed in terms of the content of dust, Cl−, NO3 − and SO4 2− concentrations and various other physical parameters, such as ultrasonic wave velocities, c-axis orientation patterns and grain-size. The results of the previous uniaxial compression tests show that most of the flow occurs in the Wisconsin-age ice between 1786 m and the bottom of the ice sheet. This entire depth interval is strongly anisotropic, with a vertical c-axis fabric pattern. The enhancement factor, E, which was calculated from these tests ranges from 0.03 to 17. The Wisconsin-age ice is about ten times softer (Es = 10) than artificially made laboratory ice (E = 1). The combined results of the multi-parameter correlation analyses show that E is controlled primarily by the orientation strength of c-axes and that the impurity concentration-level variations contribute to a lesser degree.Keywords
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