Electrochemical n-type doping of poly(p-phenylene) film

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Abstract
The authors have succeeded in preparing flexible poly(p-phenylene) film by means of an improved method for electrochemical polymerisation of benzene. Evidence for electrochemical n-type doping of this polymer is obtained from simultaneous measurements of a cyclic voltammogram and absorption spectra. Although the polaron and/or bi-polaron levels in the gap states appear on n-type doping, the levels demonstrate an anomalous shift to the band edge. The electronic band scheme of poly(p-phenylene) film is discussed in comparison with those of other conducting polymers.