Observations on the ectoparasites of some Newfoundland passerines (Aves: Passeriformes)

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Abstract
A total of 144 birds (17 species) were mist-netted in June and July 1984 on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and examined for ectoparasites; 139 birds (96.5%) of 17 species were found to be infested. Biting lice (Mallophaga: 6 genera) were recovered from 59 (41.0%) of the birds, fleas (Siphonaptera: 1 genus) from 19 (13.0%), and hippoboscids (Diptera: 1 genus) from 2 (1.4%). Mites (Acarina: 8 genera) were the most frequently encountered parasites, with 137 (95.1%) of the hosts being infested. The prevalence of Mallophaga was similar to that recorded by other workers. Nymphs and females constituted the most prevalent mallophagan age-classes, which suggests that an increasing louse population is coincident with the host breeding season. No significant differences were noted in the prevalence of parasites on male and female birds or on adult and immature birds. Ground-feeding passerines showed the highest prevalence, intensity, and diversity of infestation by Mallophaga, as well as the greatest degree of similarity in ectoparasite fauna between species. Host specificity is discussed, and ecological factors in addition to host phylogeny are considered to play a role in determining the parasite fauna of a given bird species. The collection technique used was evaluated and found to be adequate for the processing of large numbers of birds when both qualitative and quantitative data on certain ectoparasitic groups are to be collected.