In confronting the insecticide resistance problem the most important countermeasure is good pest management practice, including the preservation of natural enemies of pests to minimize selection pressure from chemical insecticides. Although all parts of the integrated pest management concept are interdependent, it is the intent of this paper to present only the chemical aspects of countermeasures for insecticide resistance in pest species. For reviews of this topic see Brown (1971) and Georghiou (1980).