Prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia: Expression and location of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in epithelial, endothelial and stromal nuclei

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Abstract
The expression and location of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining in epithelial, endothelial and stromal nuclei were assessed in prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN). It was then compared with patterns in benign lesions and in invasive adenocarcinomas of the prostate. The PCNA-positive nuclei showed homogeneous or granular types of staining, or a mixture of both, and a gradation in the intensity of staining. Nuclei with granular and mixed patterns appeared lighter brown than those with a homogeneous pattern, which were darker and more often noted in PIN and invasive adenocarcinomas than in benign lesions. For epithelial PCNA-stained nuclei, the proportions in the two grades of PIN were greater than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (mean 3.16%, SE 0.31%) and prostatic atrophic ducts and acini (mean 0.56%, SE 0.09%), the values decreasing from the nuclei in the basal position towards those in the luminal layer. In grade 1, the category mean values were 9.51% (SE 1.14%) in the basal, 7.02% (SE 1.27%) in the intermediate and 6.02% (SE 0.90%) in the luminal position. In grade 2, the category mean values were 13.81% (SE 1.42%) in the basal position, 10.99% (SE 1.17%) in the intermediate and 7.91% (SE 1.43%) in the luminal position. In small and large acinar adenocarcinomas, the proportions of positive nuclei were 8.66% (SE 0.30%) and 9.06% (SE 0.30%), respectively. The category mean values in the cribriform adenocarcinomas were 14.40% (SE 0.61%) in the basal position, 11.84% (SE 1.30%) in the intermediate and 9.26% (SE 0.66%) in the luminal position. As in PIN, the proportions of immunostained nuclei in the adenocarcinoma with cribriform pattern decreased from the basal towards the luminal layer. In the solid/trabecular adenocarcinomas, the category mean value in the cell layer adjacent to the stroma was 17.60% (SE 2.92%), whereas in the other cell layers it was lower than that in the cells adjacent the stroma (mean 13.88%, SE 1.71%). For capillary endothelial and stromal cells, the percentages of PCNA-stained nuclei were much lower than those in the epithelial component. The lowest mean values were obtained in benign lesions, whereas the highest were in invasive adenocarcinomas, the percentages in PIN being intermediate.