Abstract
Psychotherapy is a potentially valuable intervention for treatment‐resistant depression. This review provides a brief, general overview of the use of psychotherapy to treat depression and more focused consideration of time‐limited interpersonal, behavioral, and cognitive behavioral strategies for patients who are not responsive to antidepressant medication. Effective strategies emphasize individualized assessment, psychoeducation, a high level of structure and therapist activity, operationalized short‐term goals, self‐help and homework activities, and an empirical‐collaborative approach to treatment. Although some treatment‐resistant patients respond to therapy alone, more promising evidence is emerging from studies of combined strategies. Depression and Anxiety 5:190–201, 1997.

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