Phosphoinositide‐dependent activation of Rho A involves partial opening of the RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex

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Abstract
Rho GTPases have two interconvertible forms and two cellular localizations. In their GTP‐bound conformation, they bind to the cell membrane and are activated. In the inactive GDP‐bound conformation, they associate with a cytosolic protein called GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). We previously reported that the RhoA component of the RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex was not accessible to the Clostridium botulinum C3 ADP‐ribosyl transferase, unless the complex had been incubated with phosphoinositides. We show here that PtdIns, PtdIns4P, PtdIns3,4P2, PtdIns4,5P2 and PtdInsP3 enhance not only the C3‐dependent ADP‐ribosylation, but also the GDP/GTP exchange in the RhoA component of the prenylated RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex. In contrast, in the nonprenylated RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex, the levels of ADP‐ribosylation and GDP/GTP exchange are of the same order as those measured on free RhoA and are not modified by phosphoinositides. In both cases, phosphoinositides partially opened, but did not fully dissociate the complex. Upon treatment of the prenylated RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex with phosphoinositides, a GTP‐dependent transfer to neutrophil membranes was evidenced. Using an overlay assay with the prenylated RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex pretreated with PtdIns4P and labeled with [α32P]GTP, three membrane proteins with molecular masses between 26 and 32 kDa were radiolabeled. We conclude that in the presence of phosphoinositides, the prenylated RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex partially opens, which allows RhoA to exchange GDP for GTP. The opened GTP‐RhoA/Rho‐GDI complex acquires the capacity to target specific membrane proteins.