Notes on the Geology of the District around Llansawel (Carmarthenshire)

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Abstract
I. I ntroduction . I n 1906 and 1907 respectively, we were the recipients of the Daniel Pidgeon Fund, and decided to undertake a piece of field-work among the Palæozoic rocks of Wales. It was suggested to us that we should make the country north of Llandeilo the seat of our investigations, with the view of discovering, if possible, the junction between the rocks of Hartfell and those of Birkhill age. We knew that Lower Birkhill graptolites had been found at Pumpsaint, some 11 miles to the north of Llandeilo, and we therefore hoped that the intermediate country might furnish sufficient fossil evidence to give us this line of junction. With this end in view, we first made our headquarters at Llandeilo, and studied the country north of that investigated by Mr. T. C. Cantrill and Mr. H. H. Thomas. However, we found that the same monotonous series of highly-cleaved unfossiliferous (?) shales, apparently of Upper Hartfell age, continued so persistently to the north as to give us no hope of a graptolitic succession there. While pursuing our way still farther north, in search of some change in the lithology, our attention was attracted by some large slabs of a hard blue mudstone, standing outside a smithy; on close inspection these showed unmistakable fragments of graptolites, preserved in by rite. By the help of very vague directions, given in Welsh by the smith, we succeeded, after considerable difficulty, in locating the quarry from which the slabs had been brought. It is situated on

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