Quantitation of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides in Human Blood Plasma Using a Nanoparticle-Based Method for Solid-Phase Extraction

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Abstract
Based on the application of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles, a novel method for solid-phase extraction of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides from human plasma has been developed. A high binding affinity, which is required for an effective isolation out of complex mixtures, is mediated by hydrophobic and multiple electrostatic interactions between the oligonucleotides and the nanoparticles. The principle of the method is based on a pH-controlled adsorption/desorption mechanism. Analysis of the extracted samples was performed by capillary gel electrophoresis. Extraction conditions were optimized, providing the isolation of oligonucleotides (≥10 nucleotide units) in high yields and purity even at concentrations in the low-nanomolar range (down to 5 nM). The low salt contamination of the samples allows their direct analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry. The combined linearity and accuracy of the assay together with absolute recovery rates in the range of 60−90% indicate that the developed solid-phase extraction method is generally applicable to quantitation of oligonucleotides in human plasma. Further improvement was achieved with an optimized carrier system of 2-fold enlarged particles which reduces the time consumption of the extraction procedure to ∼30 min.