The influence of food on nitrofurantoin bioavailability

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Abstract
The effect of food on the absorption of 5 commercial dosage forms of nitrofurantoin varying widely in drug release and dissolution characteristics was assessed in man after oral administration. Four healthy fasting and nonfasting male subjects received, in a crossover fashion, a single 100 mg dose of microcrystalline nitrofurantoin as an aqueous suspension, 3 different compressed tablets and a single 100 mg dose of macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin in a capsule. Both the absorption and the duration of therapeutic urinary concentrations of nitrofurantoin were significantly increased after administration of the 5 products to nonfasting subjects. The enhancement in the bioavailability of the drug in the presence of food ranged from 20%-400%, with the greatest absorption-enhancing effect occurring with those dosage forms exhibiting the poorest dissolution characteristics. Single-dose comparative bioavailability studies of drug products normally administered with food should be performed in both nonfasting and fasting subjects.

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