Daily haemodialysis improves indices of protein glycation

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Abstract
Background. Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) accumulate in uraemia, regardless of hyperglycaemic conditions, and may contribute to the onset of some long‐term complications, such as atherosclerosis, amyloidosis, and neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we compare a daily with a standard 3 times/week dialysis rhythm (DHD and SHD, respectively) in correcting some protein glycation indices in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods. Twenty‐one normoglycaemic and 11 diabetic patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) with low‐flux dialysers were studied in a prospective protocol to compare two different dialysis schedules, namely: 4 h, 3 times/week (SHD) and 2 h, 6 times/week (DHD). The patients were studied before and after 6 months of DHD. To further check the effect of DHD on glycation parameters, 4 normoglycaemic HD patients were studied in a third step in which they returned for 3 months to the SHD rhythm. Also, 11 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients not yet on HD and 11 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were studied. A new HPLC method was used to measure the following glycation indexes on plasma: the early product furosine and the advanced products protein‐bound and free pentosidine, and two heterogeneous classes of low molecular mass (LMM) AGE peptides. Results. All the parameters studied showed an accumulation that worsened with the progression of renal failure (controls PP≤0.001 and PP≤0.05), respectively. The return for 3 months to SHD in four non‐diabetic DHD patients led to a trend toward an increase in all five glycation parameters. Conclusions. This study demonstrates for the first time that a DHD regimen can effectively lower the mean levels of glycation‐related substances observed in SHD. Therefore, DHD can provide a better control of AGE produced in ESRD. This could result in a lower incidence of long‐term effects of AGE accumulation in HD.

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