Spiral Visual Fields

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Abstract
Introduction Spiral fields can be elicited only when the radii of the visual fields are tested in a systematic clockwise or counterclockwise manner; they contract like coil springs, although they may unwind after reassurance and encouragement. If the visual fields are tested differently, several varieties may be obtained. Thus, if opposite ends of the vertical and horizontal diameters and the two ends of the two oblique meridians of the visual field are tested, the eight points obtained may result in a four-pointed star. The shifting field of Förster refers to the field which is wider on the side on which the test is begun.3 Thus, if we begin on the nasal side and cross over to the temporal side, through the fixation point, the test object will be seen for a greater distance on the nasal side and will disappear more quickly on the second, or temporal, side. If

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