DIRECT ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL ANALOGUES OF ALPHA-ACIDS, BETA-ACIDS AND 4-DESOXYHUMULONES IN HOPS USING GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

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Abstract
The techniques of gas-liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance allow simultaneous analysis of the individual α-acids and β-acids and the corresponding 4-desoxyhumulones. The rates of appearance in the growing hop-cone of humulone, lupulone, 4-desoxyhumulone and their co-homologues and ad-isomers are reported. The results indicate a relatively enhanced initial formation of the 4-desoxy compounds and β-acids. The α-acids reach their maximum concentration later than the desoxyhumulones and β-acids but eventually become the predominant group. It appears that formation of the α-acids is associated with a decline in the relative proportion of both β-acids and 4-desoxyhumulones. For each class of compounds, the co-homologues increase their relative concentrations during the growth of the hop; adhumulone and adlupulone remain in almost constant proportions during this period.

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