The Biquad: Part I-Some practical design considerations

1 May 1971

journal article
Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory

Vol. 18 (3) , 350-357
https://doi.org/10.1109/tct.1971.1083277

Abstract

The use of active elements in linear networks offers new degrees of freedom to both network and system designers. A comprehensive report on the Biquad, an active topology based on analog computer concepts, is given. We describe the electrical characteristics of the Biquad that make it a manufacturable realization for precision networks. Analysis and experimental data describe the dependence of Biquad performance on nonideal operational amplifiers. Compensation techniques are derived which allow high-Qoperation at several hundred kilohertz with existing devices. The 8-V rms signal capacity and 80-dB dynamic range of the voice-frequency Biquad are illustrated.

Keywords

This publication has 3 references indexed in Scilit:

A step-by-step active-filter design
IEEE Spectrum, 1969
Active RC filters—A state-space realization
Proceedings of the IEEE, 1968
State-Variable Synthesis for Insensitive Integrated Circuit Transfer Functions
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1967