Formation of localized electronic states in incommensurate one-dimensional charge-density-wave systems due to phase and single-particle excitations

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Abstract
It is shown that in incommensurate one-dimensional charge-density-wave systems, the interaction between quasiparticle excitations and the collective phase mode leads to localized electronic states in the Peierls gap, as well as a phase soliton. A Hamiltonian is constructed that is gauge invariant and is exactly soluble within the contact-interaction model proposed. The localized electronic states thus obtained can be characterized as electron solitons; both one- and n-electron localized states are explored and are shown to be more stable than the corresponding free quasiparticle excitations. In the extreme coupling limit, the associated phase solitons turn out to be of the sine-Gordon type.