Analysis of Parameters Affecting Impact Force Attenuation during Landing in Human Vertical Free Fall

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Abstract
The characteristics of impact forces on the legs during vertical landing of human vertical free fall in different falling conditions were studied to reveal the parameters which take part in the attenuation of these impact forces. The following parameters were investigated: body position during landing, range of flexion of the joints of the legs at impact, usage of ground-roll immediately after impact and softness of the ground. The results indicate that joint movements and muscle action play a major role in reducing peak forces during landing. This emphasizes the importance of adequate training to improve the pre-programmed non-reflex muscle action, necessary in the early phase of impact.