Spectrophotometric investigation of palladium(II)-2-thiobarbituric acid complexes in aqueous and aqueous ethanolic media

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Abstract
Palladium(II) forms 2:3 and 1:3 complexes with 2-thiobarbituric acid in water and in 30%V/V ethanol, respectively. The molar composition of the complexes has been determined by continuous variation and molar-ratio methods and confirmed by elemental analysis. The system conforms to Beer's law up to 10 µg ml–1 of palladium [molar absorptivity (ε), 1.0 × 104 l mol–1 cm–1 at 374 nm] in water and up to to 6 µg ml–1(ε, 7.5 × 103 l mol–1 cm–1 at 386 nm) in 30%V/V ethanol; the detection limits are 0.13 and 0.18 µg ml–1 and the relevant Sandell's sensitivities are 0.0106 and 0.0141 µg cm–2 per 0.001 absorbance unit, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy has been used in order to establish the type of coordination between 2-thiobarbituric acid and palladium. The tolerance limits for platinum metals and other cations are given. The experimental results have been critically analysed and a comparison with the main, most recent, spectrophotometric reagents for palladium is presented.

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