Population Dynamics of the Beet Leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), and Associated Empoasca spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and Their Egg Parasitoids on Sugar Beets in Southern California1

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Abstract
The relative population densities of Circulifer tenellus (Baker), associated leafhoppers, and their egg parasitoids were monitored on sugar beets in four different geographical locations in southern California. Yellow sticky cards were used to trap adult leafhoppers. Peak flight activity of adult C. tenellus and Empoasca spp. occurred in late spring and summer, although flight activity was common throughout the year. Sugar beet leaf samples were collected to monitor oviposition of leafhoppers and parasitization by egg parasitoids. Egg parasitoids collected were Anagrus giraulti Crawford, Polynema sp. and Gonatocerus sp. (Mymaridae), and Paracentrobia sp. and Aphelinoidea sp. (Trichogrammatidae). The observed rate of egg parasitization exceeded 90% at numerous intervals throughout 1982 and 1983, which appeared to have a major impact on leafhopper population density, resulting in low numbers of nymphs emerging from pesticide-free sugar beets.

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